1. Logistics

Table of contents for Library of Congress control number Table of contents for Development and implementation of reverse logistics programs / James R. And links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog Note: Electronic data is machine generated. May be incomplete or contain other coding. Executive Summary 1 '. Introduction 3 '.

The 7 Deadly Sins of Reverse Logistics In. Stock, Professor of Marketing and Logistics. A good reverse logistics program becomes a.

Objectives of the Research 5 '. Approach to the Research 6 '. Findings 7. Conclusions 9 Critical Reverse Logistics Success Factors Best Practices in Reverse Logistics - What Can Be Learned?.

Organization of the White Paper 11 Chapter 1: Introduction 13. Background 15. Sustainable Development 16 '. Green Marketing 18 '.

Reverse Logistics 20. Overview of Reverse Logistics Process and Identification of Key Process Components 21. Highlights of 1992 CLM White Paper 24 Purchasing/Procurement Traffic and Transportation Warehousing and Storage Packaging. Why Be Concerned with Reverse Logistics And Environmental Issues?

Logistics

Reverse logistics is for all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is 'the process of moving from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal.

And activities also may be included in the definition of reverse logistics.' Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply chain management concepts and practices make it all the more relevant. The number of publications on the topic of reverse logistics have increased significantly over the past two decades. The first use of the term 'reverse logistics' in a publication was by James R. Stock in a White Paper titled 'Reverse Logistics,' published by the Council of Logistics Management in 1992. The concept was further refined in subsequent publications by Stock (1998) in another Council of Logistics Management book, titled Development and Implementation of Reverse Logistics Programs, and by Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1999) in a book published by the Reverse Logistics Association titled Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices.

The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surplus as well as returned equipment and machines from the hardware leasing business. Normally, deal with events that bring the product towards the customer.

In the case of reverse logistics, the resource goes at least one step back in the. For instance, goods move from the customer to the distributor or to the manufacturer. When a manufacturer's product normally moves through the, it is to reach the distributor or customer. Any process or management after the delivery of the product involves reverse logistics. If the product is defective, the customer would return the product. The manufacturing firm would then have to organise shipping of the defective product, testing the product, dismantling, repairing, recycling or disposing the product. The product would travel in reverse through the supply chain network in order to retain any use from the defective product.

The logistics for such matters is reverse logistics. Contents. Business implications In today's marketplace, many retailers treat merchandise returns as individual, disjointed transactions.

'The challenge for retailers and vendors is to process returns at a proficiency level that allows quick, efficient and cost-effective collection and return of merchandise. Customer requirements facilitate demand for a high standard of service that includes accuracy and timeliness. It’s the logistic company's responsibility to shorten the link from return origination to the time of resell.' By following returns management best practices, retailers can achieve a returns process that addresses both the operational and customer retention issues associated with merchandise returns. Further, because of the connection between reverse logistics and customer retention, it has become a key component within Service Lifecycle Management (SLM), a aimed at retaining customers by bundling even more coordination of a company's services data together to achieve greater efficiency in its operations. Reverse logistics is more than just returns management, it is 'activities related to returns avoidance, gatekeeping, disposal and all other supply chain issues'.

Returns management—increasingly being recognized as affecting competitive positioning—provides an important link between marketing and logistics. The broad nature of its cross-functional impact suggests that firms would benefit by improving internal integration efforts. In particular, a firm's ability to react to and plan for the influence of external factors on the returns management process is improved by such internal integration. In a firm's planning for returns, a primary factor is the remaining value of the material returning and how to recover that value. 'Returned goods, or elements of the product, could even be returned to suppliers and supply chain partners for them to re-manufacture'. Providers see that up to 7% of an enterprise's gross sales are captured by return costs. Almost all reverse logistics contracts are customized to fit the size and type of company contracting.

The 's themselves realize 12% to 15% profits on this business. 'Studies have shown that an average of 4% to 6% of all retail purchases are returned, costing the industry about $40 billion per year.' Return of unsold goods In certain industries, goods are distributed to downstream members in the supply chain with the understanding that the goods may be returned for credit if they are not sold e.g., newspapers and magazines. This acts as an incentive for downstream members to carry more stock, because the risk of obsolescence is borne by the upstream supply chain members.

However, there is also a distinct risk attached to this logistics concept. The downstream member in the supply chain might exploit the situation by ordering more stock than is required and returning large volumes. In this way, the downstream partner is able to offer high level of service without carrying the risks associated with large inventories. The supplier effectively finances the inventory for the downstream member.

It is therefore important to analyze customers’ accounts for hidden costs. Reusable packaging. Reusable bottles in crates systems require a logistics system.

Examples include reusable, such as, for milk, soda, and beer, compressed gas cylinders, beer kegs, etc. Refusal of the products in the cash on delivery (COD) In case of business, many websites offer the flexibility of (COD) to their customers. Sometimes customers refuse the product at the time of delivery, as there is no commitment to take the product. Then the logistics service provider follows the process of reverse logistics on the refused cargo. It is also known as Return to Origin (RTO).

In this process, the e-commerce company adds the refused cargo to its inventory stock again, after proper quality checks as per the company's rules. Reverse Logistics for Demonstrations In case of the Demonstration of Products to the client as part of Pre-Sales process, The Demonstration equipment is sent to the Customer and has to be returned to maintain Revolving Inventory. References.

Hawks, Karen., Reverse Logistics Magazine, Winter/Spring 2006. Srivastava, Samir K. 'Network Design for Reverse Logistics', Omega, 2008, 36(4), 535-548. Stock, Reverse Logistics (Oak Brook, IL: Council of Logistics Management, 1992). James R.

Stock, Development and Implementation of Reverse Logistics Programs (Oak Brook, IL: Council of Logistics Management, 1998). Dale S. Rogers and Ronald S. Tibben-Lembke, Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices (Reno, NV: Reverse Logistics Executive Council, 1999). Rengel, P.

At seydl.edu. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. Harrington, Ryan., Reverse Logistics Magazine. Winter/Spring 2006.

Greer, 2004. Rogers, 2002. Mollenkopf, D.; Russo, I.; Frankel, R. (2007), (PDF), International Journal Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 37 (7): 568–92, retrieved 2008-05-05. Srivastava, Samir K. 'Value Recovery Network Design for Product Returns', International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2008, 38(4), 311-331. (2007) Flexible Process Planning Approaches for Sustainable Decisions in Reverse Logistics System, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management.

1-8. Malone, Robert (3 November 2005).

Retrieved 2008-03-14. Van Riper, Tom., Forbes, December 2005. Vogt, J J; Pienaar, W J; de Wit, P W C (2002).

Business Logistics & Management - Theory and Practice. External links.